維修咖啡館Repair Cafes
拯救環境以修復代替丟棄
家中物品壞掉不能用時，通常你都會怎麼處理?
如果你像多數人一樣，那大概就是直接丟掉。
這種傾向帶出一個時髦的別稱：用完即丟的文化。
造成這種趨勢傾向的原因有很多。
在一些地區，要找到擁有修復技術的人很不容易，此外維修物品的費用也可能頗為高昂。
再者，有些小家電的價格便宜到通常直接買新的還比較簡單。
二OO九年，來自荷蘭的瑪蒂娜‧波斯特馬認為一定有更好的辦法。
她的解決之道便是「維修咖啡館」：一個人可以帶壞或碎裂物品前往的地方，人們在維修咖啡館能找到工具、資源以及願意協助他們修繕的志工專家。
波斯特馬的首家維修咖啡館於二OO九年十月十八日在荷蘭阿姆斯特丹開幕，而且大獲成功。
咖啡館的消息傳遍四處，接著人們開始詢問如何開設自己的維修咖啡館。
波斯特馬遂於二O一一年成立維修咖啡館基金會；這個非營利組織陸續替那些希望在自己社區開設維修咖啡館的人提供輔導。
repair
（n.）維修；修復
Our air conditioner is in need of repair.
After the crash, Jesse took his bike to the shop for repairs.
（v.）人與人之間關係的修復
Joseph and Zoe are working hard to repair the damage done to their relationship after what they said to one another in an argument.
throwaway用完即丟的東西【複合名詞throw+away】；輕輕帶過
throwaway culture
All of this throwaway packaging on food is bad for the environment.
We used throwaway plates and cups at the picnic.免洗餐盤及杯子
The speaker's throwaway comments about the mayor were reported in the news.
tendency（n.）傾向
a tendency to or towards sth. …的趨向
a tendency to do sth. 做某事的傾向
modern nickname
minimalist
（n.）極簡抽象派藝術家
（adj.）極簡抽象派藝術的
trend
（n.）可數名詞
1.（海岸、河流等的）走向
The mountains have a western trend. 群山向西延伸。
2.趨勢，傾向；時尚
The current trend is towards informal clothing. 目前的趨勢是穿著比較隨便。
（v.）
1.伸向；折向，轉向
The road trends to the north. 這條路是向北的。
2.趨向，傾向
Share prices have been trending down. 股票價格一直趨向下降。
quite expensive
if you’re like me…
If you are like me, you like your steak medium rare.
If you are like me, you like you’d rather fix something than throw it away.
fast fashion（ph.）快速流行；快速時尚（流行、時尚、平價、快速的消費模式）
when manufacturers make a lot of a very trendy piece of clothing. And they market it in a way that is very cheap for consumers, and the quality isn’t very good. So what happens is people will buy that piece of clothing because it's popular. And it's not good quality, so it doesn't last. And when it wears out, you can just throw it away because you didn't spend a lot of money on it.
small appliance（s）
kitchen appliance
runs on electricity
household/ kitchen appliances
a hand mixer
blender
microwave
toaster
handy東西很方便、很好用、手很巧；很會雜事（木工、水電、烹飪、縫紉）
When someone is handy, they are skilled and clever, especially when it comes to making and fixing things. 當某人手巧時，他們熟練而聰明，特別是在製造和修理東西方面。
If you are handy in the kitchen, you are good at cooking.
I'm handy with a needle and thread針線活.= I'm also pretty good at sewing縫紉.
I usually think of being handy as someone who can work well with wood and build things for their home like a bookshelf or chair.
handyman（n.）幹雜活的人，雜務工；手巧的人，多面手
Who can fix things in your home or do small renovation projects整修；翻修計畫.
a man who is skilled at repairing and making things inside or outside the house and who does this in his own home or as a job
be a huge success大獲成功
volunteer自願參加者，志願者，義工；自生自長的
Unless they're at war, many countries have volunteer armies.志願服役的軍人
Because Lucy's flower garden is in an area where there is a strong breeze強風, she gets a lot of volunteer plants.
（v.）
Jackson volunteers at a children's home where he tutors some of the kids in biology.
foundation基金會；基礎；根基
If you look near the bottom of the library's foundation, you will see that this building was built in 1925.
Love is the foundation of our marriage.
Susan uses a foundation粉底（化妝品） on her face that is an exact match to her skin color.
There must be a better way！
damaged vs. torn（tear）
tear
to pull or be pulled apart, or to pull pieces off
（被）撕開，（被）撕掉，（被）撕裂
You have to be very careful with books this old because the paper tears very easily.
對這麼舊的書你得格外小心，因為它的紙張很容易撕破。
I tore my skirt on the chair as I stood up.
我站起來時，裙子被椅子鈎破了。
A couple of pages had been torn out of/from the book.
這本書有幾頁被人撕掉了。
damaged objects
solid objects, maybe like this toy airplane. And you’re trying to figure out a way to fix this things because it is damaged.
Whereas if something is torn, I think of may be an article of clothing or a piece of paper, you can use the verb “tear” with those things.
A damaged package
wear and tear磨損；（合理）損耗
the damage that happens to an object in ordinary use during a period
guidance（n.）不可數名詞
1.指導；引導；領導
We would appreciate guidance from an expert in this field. 我們將歡迎該領域專家的指導。
2.輔導；諮詢
3.（飛彈等的）導引
a sophisticated electronic guidance system 複雜的電子導引系統
elderly people老年人
Are you good at fixing things?
electrician
a person who puts in, checks, and repairs electrical wires and electrical equipment
電工；電氣技師
janitor（公寓、學校等處的）照管房屋的工友
a person employed to take care of a large building, such as a school, and who deals with the cleaning, repairs, etc.
one man’s trash is another man’s treasure
lampstand 燈柱
