聽烏鳴就能紓壓？！Birdsong and Mental Health
Certain sounds can be good for us
研究調查結果顯示，聆聽烏鳴聲與幸福感的提高具有直接關係。
這個結果乃是基於先前一些相關調查，亦即聆聽自然聲音對人類會造成何種影響的調查。
那些調查研究早已顯示，錄製好的自然聲音有助於舒解壓力及提高專注力。
不過，我們並不完全清楚該效益背後的原因。
也許，聆聽鳥鳴聲和平靜感有關。
畢竟，我們常會在清晨或是暴風兩後的靜謐時刻聽到鳥鳴。
抑或者是，這可能和鳴唱的鳥兒所反映出來的安全感有關。
鳥兒只有在附近沒有掠食者的情況下才會鳴唱。
不論原因為何，聆聽鳥鳴聲確實能夠改善我們的心理健康。
健行研究的作者團隊提出一項有趣的觀察結果。
正是這種感覺自己身處在大自然裡，伴隨著多種不同鳴禽的感受，讓人獲得有效助益。
研究團隊不願驟下結論宣稱只有鳥鳴聲會提升幸福感，反而建議公園管理處應該鼓勵遊客靜靜享受大自然，因為這樣就能帶來最大效益。
The results of the study indicated that there was a direct relationship between hearing birdsong and an increased sense of well-being. This result builds on prior investigations into the effects of listening to recordings of natural sounds on people. Those studies have shown that recordings of natural sounds can help with stress relief and the ability to focus. However, the reason behind the benefit is not totally clear. Perhaps listening to birdsong is connected to a sense of calm. After all, we encounter birdsong in the peaceful part of the morning or following a storm.
build on 以…為基礎
The teacher asked for her students to build on Brianna's ideas for parents' appreciation night. 以Brianna's的點子為基礎籌備父母親的感恩晚會
John and Mary built their home on the land that her father gave them when they got married.
The state's human rights laws are built on the principles of equality and fairness.
investigation調查
The investigation into the robbery got the police nowhere.毫無進展
After a thorough background investigation into Riley, the company decided not to hire her.
investigate（v.）調查
Scientists are investigating the effects of climate change on small islands in the Pacific Ocean.
well-being = overall health
not just referring to physical health.
It’s health in general or overall.
Your mental health, physical health, all of those things contribute to your well-being
correlation（vs. causation）
correlation：direct relationship
the idea that there could be a relationship between two things.
causation：sometimes it’s because one thing caused the other
sense of calm
peace of mind
encounter
this is the calm before the storm
this is the calm before the storm
lull：a temporary period of quiet or inactivity
This phrase means a period of quiet before a period of great activity, busyness or excitement. For example, the house is quiet now, but my sister's three boys will arrive soon. This is the calm before the storm.
Besides "calm before the storm," we can also use the word "lull" and say "lull before the storm."
The word "lull" means a temporary period of quiet or
inactivity.
We can say the restaurant is packed at dinnertime.
It's only 4:00 p.m.
It's the lull before the storm.
Or it might relate to a sense of safety
projected by singing birds. They sing
when there are no predators nearby.
Whatever the reason, listening to
birdsong can improve our mental health.
The authors of the hiking study had an
interesting observation. It was the
perception of being in nature with a
diversity of singing birds that helped. The
authors were reluctant to conclude that
just birdsong increased well-being.
Instead, they suggested that park
managers encourage visitors to enjoy
nature quietly as that provided the
gre
atest benefit.
observation觀察後發表的看法或意見
Kids who saw PAW Patrol: The Movie made several observations about the main character.
Scientists' observations of the rainforest in South America have confirmed that the tree loss is going to affect the entire world.
From her observation of the new English teacher, the school principal felt that he would do a great job.
reluctant（adj.）勉強；不情願的
Blake is reluctant to tell his parents the truth about why he and his sister had argued.
Frank gave a very reluctant answer to his parents about what he had done after school.
reluctance（n.）
Samantha's reluctance to help her mother make dinner got her into a lot of trouble.
predator vs. prey
predator食肉動物；掠奪者
prey被捕食的動物[S1][（+for/to）]；犧牲者；犧牲品[S1][（+for/to）]
perception感知，感覺；察覺[U]；認識，觀念；看法[C][（+of）]
His perception of the change came in a flash. 他在一瞬間察覺到了這一變化。
My perception of the problem is quite different. 我對這個問題的理解則完全不同。
She is a woman of keen perception. 她是一個感覺敏銳的女人。
blaring music
