字典單字從哪來？How Words Get into Dictionaries
Read, read and read some more
多讀、多看、多留意單字!
單字!
單字!
好多好多單字!
我們用文字交流感覺和想法。
但是這些字是打從哪裡來的呢?
怎麼會跑到字典裡?
答案是，透過字典編纂人員大量廣泛閱讀出版品所篩選而來。
舉例來說，《韋伯字典》的編輯團隊每天花一、兩個小時閱讀。
讀什麼?
他們會閱讀網路文章、書籍、雜誌和報紙。
他們邊讀邊尋找新字詞、新用法以及拼法相異處。
此外，他們會觀察哪些字被使用得最為頻繁。
他們會注意這些字的使用方式；也會留意上下文以便進一步取得該字字形及用法的相關線索。
《牛津英語詞典》的閱讀計畫則動用支薪員工以及志工讀者的協助。
這些人將援引之文佐以其用法註解提交上呈；一個字的過往以及當下用法都會一一被指出。
大量歷史用法以及當下用語都被存放在這些字典及其他字典的資料庫裡。
Words! Words! Words! So many words! We use them to communicate feelings and ideas. But where do those words come from? And how do they end up in a dictionary? The answer is through extensive reading of published materials by dictionary researchers.
For example, the editors of Merriam-Webster Dictionary spend an hour or two every day reading. What do they read? They read online articles, books, magazines and newspapers. They are on the lookout for new words, new usages and differences in spellings.
They also look at which words are being used the most. And they pay attention to the way they are being used. Context is also noted for further clues about the form and use of a word.
The Oxford English Dictionary's (OED) Reading Programme uses paid and volunteer readers to help. These people present quotations, explaining their usages. The history of a word's usage and current usage is also pointed out.
Millions of historical and current words are contained in the databases of these and other dictionaries.
end up 最後成為；結果是
I end up getting to class late because of the traffic.
Sarah and Winston ended up working late because they were both far behind on their projects.
Miles and Leah ended up having a small wedding because they were trying to save money.
usage （n.）詞語或語言的用法
This is an excellent book on French usage.
usage （n.）使用
Because electricity usage is increasing, the price is increasing.
Due to high prices, people cut back on driving their cars and gas usage went down.
etmology語源學
With English, often, they originated with Greek or Latin words.
etmology is the study of the true sense of a word.
dictionary vs. lexicon（語彙目錄；詞典）
lexicon is also a set of vocabulary. It’s a complete set of vocabulary in a language. Dictionaries are a kind of lexicon, but not all lexicons have definitions.
extensive
on the lookout for…留心觀察；留心某事；正在尋找…
means they are intentionally reading in a way to maybe discover something new.
adulating大人化；轉變成大人
The intern needs to act more responsible and start adulating.
quotation（n.）引文；引語
Mack started off his essay with a quotation by Confucious.引用孔夫子的話當作短文的開場
quotation（n.）報價單
Get at least three quotations for the repair work before you hire anyone.
quote（v.）引用；報價
Jennifer quoted something from Mencius to answer Nate's question.
point out指出；說明
After Oscar pointed out the cost of the trip, they decided to go somewhere closer to home.
Sally pointed out the three balloons she wanted.
Bella pointed out several mistakes that Bertha had made in her presentation.
frequency
context
mad = anry or crazy?
I am sorry I did that. Are you mad?
draw= make a picture, or attract?
吸引人 The film drew well.那部電影很賣座
context clue脈絡線索
to take out of context
