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關鍵報告：全球種食危機The Global Food Crisis

為何種食危機這個老問題至今仍持續延燒？An old problem searches for new solutions

人們若有持續管道取得充分的食物來源,就能感受到糧食安全。

貧窮、衝突、失能的政府以及自然災害全都是阻礙或破壞種食安全的因素。

不過,批評者也怪罪「綠色革命」所提倡的大規模耕種方式,似乎有利於大型農業綜合企業,但卻導致貧窮鄉村聚落遭受影響衝擊。

現代化農業措施會消耗土壤,使農民必須購買愈來愈多的化學肥料。

逐漸退化的土壤會增加支出並且降低產量,意味著農民得更加辛苦才能獲取利潤。

密集灌溉也造成各種環境問題,殺蟲劑和肥料則造成水源原汙染,導致疾病產生。

現代化農耕還高度依賴化石燃料；這些不可再生能源的使用被認為是氣候變遷的主要原因,從而導致摧毀農作物的極端氣候。

有些行動主義者期盼能有二次綠色革命一以基因改造生物技術為根本的二十一世紀「基因革命」。

不過,有些人則持續尋找在經濟上對於農耕社群較為可行的解決方案；他們傾向永續、小規模的農耕方式,因為這種方式更認真看待思考區域性社會暨環境的影響。

只有到那時候,全球食物危機的解決方法才算得上真的是環保意義上的「綠色」。

People experience food security when they have consistent access to sufficient food sources. Poverty, conflict, poor government and natural disasters are all factors that can either prevent or sabotage food security. But critics also blame the

Green Revolution for promoting large-scale farming methods that seem to profit large agribusinesses while leaving poor rural communities vulnerable.

 Modern agricultural practices deplete the soil, requiring farmers to purchase increasing amounts of chemical fertilizer. Degraded soil increases expenses and decreases production, meaning farmers struggle to make a profit. Intensive irrigation causes various environmental problems, while pesticides and fertilizers pollute the water and cause illness.

Modern farming is also highly dependent on fossil fuels. The use of these nonrenewable resources is considered a major cause of climate change, which results in extreme weather that destroys crops.

 Some activists hope for a second Green Revolution – a 21st century "Gene Revolution" based on GMO technology. But others are looking for solutions that are economically viable for the farming communities themselves. They want sustainable, small-scale farming methods that more seriously consider regional social and environmental consequences.  Only then will global food crisis solutions be truly "green" in the environmentally-friendly sense of the word.

sabotage （v.）妨害；蓄意破壞

Someone sabotaged the plane so its wheels wouldn’t go down when they were going to land.

sabotage （n.）

Someone working here has committed sabotage by breaking the printing machine so that we can't print the newspaper.

Frances' company wants her to get a job at their competitor's company so she can spy for them and commit acts of industrial sabotage. 暗中製造商業破壞

vulnerable（adj.）易受影響、攻擊或傷害的

Farmers are very vulnerable because nothing can protect them from bad weather that will perhaps destroy their crops. 不堪一擊

It seems that big companies are vulnerable to internet hackers worldwide.

Benny is very mild-mannered, so he is vulnerable to bullies attacking him at school.

political unrest動盪

Political unrest is like when there are a lot of disagreements within the political parties. And people are not agreeing, and they're fighting with each other. And it's causing a lot of people everywhere in the country to just feel like, OK, uncertain, and they're not able to relax and maybe even sleep at night.

There's political unrest, right?

You're not sure what's going to happen next.

to point fingers

mean blame

to leave ＋（n.）＋（adj.）

it’s like causing someone to be and then that adjective

someone could leave someone helpless, not able to do all the work themselves or not able to help themselves. That means they’re just in a state of helplessness.

agribusiness

農業企業是指農業和生物經濟中相互關聯和相互依存的價值鏈的企業，行業，系統和研究領域。農業企業的主要目標是實現利潤最大化，同時可持續滿足消費者對生物技術，農場，食品，林業，漁業，燃料和纖維等與自然資源相關的產品的需求，通常不包括不可再生資源，例如礦業。農業企業不限於農業。agriculture-business

farm-fresh food

farm-to-table

health-conscious

Nonrenewable

activist 激進主義分子；行動主義者

All of the peace activists who were demonstrating against the war in the town square were arrested. 推動保育黑猩猩的積極人士

Jane Goodall is in fact an activist for the protection of chimpanzees. 黑猩猩

When the environmental activists finally won their case, the dumping of pesticides into the river was stopped. 環保人士

based on 以…為根本

Based on what Marilyn said, she and her husband won't be able to attend the dinner gathering tonight.

When you go for a job interview, be careful how you dress and act because many decisions are based on first impressions. 第一印象常是決定錄取的因素

That movie is based on a best-selling novel.

fossil fuel

gas or coal or things like this

they come from things that were found ages ago, living organisms that died.

Nonrenewable vs. renewable

GMO基因改造生物（Genetically Modified Organisms，GMO）

viable solutions可行的

If something is viable, that means it could possibly work successfully

We are always looking for viable solutions to the problems that we have.

homestead movement

That's... I'm guessing it's just people providing for themselves with farms and farming techniques.

Yeah, that's pretty much it. Some families will move someplace in the country.

And then they will have like a lot of land or a place to raise animals.

And they'll use small-scale farming practices, so without pesticides or expensive fertilizers, and they'll just grow their own food and raise their own animals.

It's something that's kind of interesting that's going on in the United States right now.

I wonder why more and more people are doing this.

I wonder if part of it has to do with the idea or the fear that one day they won't be able to go to supermarkets like they... used to.

And so it's better to just learn how to grow those crops for yourself.

I think that's part of it.

And I think that more and more people are being concerned about where their food comes from.

They want to be able to trace it to the source or make sure that their food has been produced without GMOS or without pesticides.

Well, then they should read our article from last month about good soil because they gotta (have got to) make sure that their soil is good, too.

in the … sense of the word

only then

only when all of those things ahead of this sentence have happened, then the second part of the sentence can happen.

fur

Don’t buy fur. Don’t wear fur!

No fur!