咕咕愛囉唆

胰島素INSULIN

翻轉「糖尿病」的醫學奇蹟An EveryDay Medical Marvel

釐清糖尿病病理的轉折點出現在一八八九年，當時兩位德國科學家發現狗的胰臟一旦遭切除，就會立刻出現糖尿病的現象。

不過，胰臟這個器官調節血糖的機制在當時仍然是一個謎。

約莫二十年後，年輕的加拿大外科醫師弗留德里克班廷開始在多倫多大學教授約翰·麥克勞德的實驗室進行研究；班廷與麥克勞德的團隊以先前的胰臟實驗為基礎，成功分離出一種荷爾蒙，就是我們現在所熟知的胰島素。

一九二一年底，實驗終於出現重大突破；患有糖尿病的狗一旦注射了胰島素這種荷爾蒙，血糖濃度就會恢復正常值。

終於，治療糖尿病不再遙不可及。

這項發展對於雷納德·湯普森這個因為罹患糖尿病而導致體重勉強只有三十公斤的十四歲男孩來說，差一點就為時已晚。

一九二二年一月，雷納德躺在多倫多綜合醫院裡，處於昏迷狀態且瀕臨死亡。

他焦急不堪的父親同意接受一項實驗性療法；在二十四小時内，當納德原本高得購人的血糖濃度便恢復正常。

胰島素救了他一命。

而今，胰島素以人工合成方式大量生產，持續在世界各地拯救性命。

The turning point in understanding diabetes happened in 1889 when two German scientists discovered that dogs immediately became diabetic when their pancreases were removed. However, the mechanism by which the organ regulated blood glucose remained a mystery. Roughly 20 years later, Frederick Banting, a young Canadian surgeon, started working in the laboratory of John Macleod, a professor at the University of Toronto. Building on former experiments with the pancreas, Banting and Macleod's team were able to isolate a hormone we now know as insulin.

In late 1921, the experiments resulted in a major breakthrough. When the hormone was injected into a diabetic dog, the dog's blood sugar levels would return to normal. Finally, a treatment was within reach.

That was almost too late for Leonard Thompson, a 14-year-old boy who weighed a scant 30 kilos due to diabetes. In January of 1922, he was in the Toronto General Hospital in a coma and near death. His distraught father agreed to an experimental treatment. Within 24 hours, Leonard's alarmingly high blood sugar levels returned to normal. Insulin had saved his life.

Today insulin is mass-produced synthetically and is saving lives all around the world.

turning point （ph.）轉折點；轉機

The turning point in Owen's baseball career was when a manager of a major league baseball team saw Owen hit the ball over the fence.

The turning point in Vivian and Carter's relationship was when theu really started to listen to each other.

The turning point in school for Barb was when her fourth-grade teacher started encouraging her.

mechanism （n.）機制；結構方式

What mechanism is in place for people to move up the ladder in this company? 競爭機制

Your body's natural defense mechanism should help Vou fight off any more infections.自然防禦機制

mechanism （n.）機械裝置

It will take a specialist to fix the clock mechanisam because it is extremely intricate.

diabetic

Someone with diabetes.

understanding

The knowledge about something and how something works. And we know that you are here at Studio Classroom to develop a better understanding of the English language. We could also ask someone if they have understanding in general. Do they have wisdom? Are they familiar with the way things work?

an understanding person

maybe someone made a mistake, but you’re OK, you say, “That’s OK. I forgive you. I understand ”

to remain a mystery

raging hormones

when young men and ladies are becoming men and ladies, they go through a period in life called puberty. And they develop what we call raging hormones. That start to experience a lot of emotions in extreme ways.

You’re a lifesaver!幫了及時的忙；救命恩人

inject （v.）注射

Because Serena was unconscious, they injected her with the pain medication instead of having her take it orally. 注射止痛劑

inject （v.）注入；湧入

This project needs someone to inject some new ideas into its planning.

injection （n.）

After receiving her flu injection, Fanny went home and took a long nap. 注射完流感疫苗

scant（adj.）少量的；貧乏的

Add a scant cup of sugar to the butter, and beat together before adding the egas.

Tom is often in trouble because he shows scant regard for the school’s rules. 不理校規

We usually don't buy anything from that store because they pay scant attention to the quality of their goods.不關心商品的品質

breakthrough

in reach / within reach

to weigh in on ＋（n.）

If you weigh in on something, maybe a conversation, that means you are adding your opinion or your suggestions or your thoughts.

distraught

experimental

synthetically

alarmingly

alarmingly something: thing is very surprising.