基因編輯技術
基因神剪CRISPR，剪貼DNA有一套CRISPR發表後不久，便在治療遺傳疾病以及抵抗值物病蟲害的研究中獲得廣泛運用。
CRISPR前景看好，極可能發展出基因療法，意即透過領輯DNA來治療疾病。 舉例來說，CRISPR便為「鐮狀紅血球貧血症」創建出一種治療方法，不必仰賴痛苦的器官移值。
不過，使用CRISPR也會涉及嚴重的道德問題。現在，科學家可以改變遺傳密碼，但卻不知是否會造成意料之外的後果。
基因療法僅能改變成年有機生物的細胞；但CRISPR同時能改變將遺傳給後代的生理特質，例如眼珠的顏色或是罹患心臟病的可能性。一旦為之，就會永久改變一個生物的基因組。我們必須讓所有人明白這種技術受到濫用的可能，尤其是用在無法對其結果表達同意與否的人類胚胎上；一名醫師便在二O一九年因為做了這樣關事而被關進牢裡。
不過，CRISPR仍具有帶來良善結果的重大潛力，正因如此，夏彭提耶與杜德納才會獲得二O二O年諾貝爾獎。
不管怎麼說，CRISPR終究只是一個工具；重要的是人類如何使用CRISPR。
heart transplant心臟移植
lifespan壽命
Shortly after the publication of CRISPR's discovery, its use became widespread in research into curing genetic diseases and helping plants resist pests. It holds great promise in developing gene therapies, which cure diseases by editing DNA. For example, CRISPR created a cure for sickle-cell anemia without having to rely on painful organ transplants. However, the use of CRISPR also involves some serious ethical concerns. Scientists can now make changes to genetic code, but they don't know if there will be unintended consequences.
Gene therapy only makes changes to cells in an adult organism. But CRISPR can also change physical characteristics that would be passed down to future generations, such as eye color or the likelihood of developing heart disease. That would permanently change an organism's genome. It is crucial that everyone understands the potential for abuse, especially if used on human embryos that cannot consent to the consequences. In 2019, a doctor was jailed for doing just that. But CRISPR also has amazing potential for good, which is why Charpentier and Doudna won the Nobel Prize for it in 2020. At the end of the day, CRISPR is just a tool. What matters is how it is used.
therapy治療；療法
Riley needed physical therapy after his leg healed from surgery so he could walk properly.開刀後需要物理治療才能正常走路
Sometimes walking in the sunshine is all the therapy people needed.
A new drug therapy has been developed to help cure that disease.
unintended非故意的；非計畫的
The death of Eric was the unintended result of the fight between him and Milo.
Some unintended consequences of the use of cars are air pollution and accidents.空氣汙染和車禍是車輛使用未意料到的後果
It’s easy to commit an unintended offense in a culture other than one’s own.人容易在不是自己的文化裡犯下無心之過
widespread
to cure
a cure for cancer
cure vs. treatment
if you can heal it or someone can get over it?
Some cancers respond to treatment, and they’ll get smaller or some of them are completely. But there still isn’t a cure, a way to completely have cancer gone from someone’s body.
to hold （great） promise
May holds great promise in the arts. She has a creative eye and can draw very well.
ethics/ moral philosophy
She has her father’s nose and her mother’s smile. 她有爸爸的鼻子和媽媽的笑容
Angie has her mother’s stubbornness. 有媽媽固執的個性。
take after像
Bryan takes after his grandmother in many ways.遺傳祖母的特徵
pass down傳下來
Ryan’s parents passed down their strong work ethic to him and his sisters.敬業的工作態度
Can you pass the rice down to this end of the tab, please?
Almost all the clothes I wore growing up were passed down to me by my brother.成長過程中穿過的衣服
consent（v.）准許；同意
Naomi’s parents told her they would never consent to her studying abroad.
Upon finding out how serious her disease was, Samantha consented to the experimental treatment.實驗性的治療方式
consent（n.）
Rose’s parents gave their consent for Rose to study for a Ph.D. and promised to help pay for her degree.
eugenics優生學
That's the practice of or the theory or, you know, advocacy of improving the human species, that is, human beings.
But improving, uh, the way our genes and, you know, the way our DNA looks selectively, that means we get to choose what is going to happen or what our kids and future generations are going to look like.
Have you ever heard the term "playing God?"
palying God
embryo胚胎
at the end of the day
At the end of the day, it’s my responsibility to solve this problem. 到頭來，解決這問題仍是我的責任
We interviewed many applicants for the job, but at the end of the day, we didn’t think any of them could handle it. 我們面試了許多求職者，但最終我們認為他們無一可以勝任這項工作【通盤考量後】
At the end of the day, what matters is that you’re safe. 總之，要緊的是你平安無事
At the end of the day you will have to decide whether you want to marry Sarah or not. 總而言之，你必須決定要不要跟莎拉結婚
At the end of the day the new CEO is no better than the previous one. 從各方面來看，這位新執行長並不比前任強
Organism
Sickle-cell anemia鐮狀紅血球貧血症
Nobel Prize
