超迴路列車Hyperloop
電磁懸浮原理vs.大眾運輸工具 Magnets and mass transit
一切都肇始於特斯拉創辦人伊隆，馬斯克在二O-三年所發表的一篇部落格貼文。
那篇貼文是針對美國加州議會通過高速鐵路計畫所做出的沮喪回應；馬斯克認為該項鐵路計畫成本太高，比較好的作法應該是投資一種新型運輸方式：超迴路列車。
建立一套高速連輸系統有幾個挑戰，其中多半受到物理定律影響。
當中最大的一項挑戰，就是克服摩擦所造成的運動阻力。
在極高速之下，空氣會變得難以穿越。
馬斯克提案解決該問題的方式，就是假設能夠在一條管道中創造出一種特殊的低度氣壓環境。
降低氣壓即可減少摩擦力，因此移動物體所需的能源也可以減少一而此處所指的物體即是一列高速行駛的列車。
馬斯克將一份超迴路列車的設計研究以開放原始碼的概念發表；意即任何人都可以取得該設計並加以改善而自行使用。
一位名叫喬許·蓋戈的讀者對於馬斯克設計研究中的數學不以為然；不過，他還是忍不住認為，超迴路列車有可能是個開創新局、顛覆傳統的想法。
teleporting
瞬間移動指的利用自己的超能力或科技將物體傳送到不同的空間、或者自己本身在一瞬移到他處的現象與能力。瞬移經常出現在科幻作品當中，這一類作品經常將此種能力設定為有如非連續性空間跳躍般的狀態，和極度的高速移動是不同的現象。以目前的科學而言，只有量子隱形傳態技術能夠達成瞬間傳遞量子態訊息至不同位置。
It all started with a blog post in 2013 by Elon Musk, founder of Tesla. The post was a frustrated reaction to a high-speed train project that had been approved by the legislature in California. Musk felt the project cost was too high, and it would be better to invest in a new method of transport: a hyperloop.
There are several challenges in creating a high-speed transit system, many of which are dictated by the laws of physics. One of the biggest challenges is overcoming the resistance to motion caused by friction. At very high speeds, the air becomes difficult to push through.
Musk's proposal solved this problem by suggesting that a special, low air-pressure environment could be created inside of a tube. Lower air pressure means less friction, and therefore less energy is needed to move objects, in this case a train, at higher speeds.
Musk published a design study of the hyperloop as an open-source idea. That means that anyone could take the design and improve on it for their own use. One reader, Josh Giegel, wasn't impressed by the math in Musk's study. But he couldn't let go of the feeling that a hyperloop could be a game-changing idea.
（to）dictated決定；影響
How much money we have usually dictates how we live our lives.
Eric's parents tried to dictate Eric how he could spend his money, so he took a job in another city and moved away.
（to）dictated口述
Nora dicated a letter to her secretary and asked her to send it asap.
friction （n.）摩擦；摩擦力
The friction between the car's wheels and its brake nads caused the car wheels to slow down.
friction （n.）人與人之間的不和；爭執；摩擦
As soon as Tom walked into the room, he could sense some friction between the boss and the staff.
Anna's superior attitude caused a lot of friction between her and her classmates.
傲慢的態度
transit
Now that word "transit" could talk about the idea of carrying people or things from one place to another. So anytime you're carrying something from one place to another, you're talking about the transit.
Here we're talking about the hyperloop and how this is carrying things from one place to another.
Sometimes we use the phrase "in transit," OK, to talk about what happens during that travel time.
For example, the furniture was damaged in transit. That's right.
It all started with…
frustrated （adj.）／frustration （n）
frustrated
talk about someone with a certain profession who feels like they are just not being very successfual in that job.
A frustrtated actor, wirter
Often frustrated actors become directors.
costly
expensive
to invest in ＋（n.）
make an investment
to overcome
Well, here it says: We can overcome resistance to friction.
We can also personally overcome obstacles or challenges.
Overcoming a challenge is a great feeling. It means that you have figured out that problem and pushed through.
But these problems here that we're overcoming is the problem of resistance when it comes to friction.
full of hot air講話沒有可信度、天花亂墜
When someone is full of hot air, it means that the person is full of lies and nonsense when they talk.
The expression "full of hot air" gives the impression of emptiness or there's nothing solid in it.
When we talk to people, we expect the person to treat us with respect by being truthful and honest.
So when someone is full of hot air, it's hard to listen to them.
When someone talks to me like that, I feel very offended.
It's almost like the person thinks I'm not smart and they can fool me by what they are saying.
Well, we always want to be truthful when we interact with people.
It's definitely a way to show respect to them.
I don’t talk to Sam, because he’s full of hot air. 胡說八道；信口開河
（to） let go of鬆手；放開
If Edward were to let go of Bob's rope, Bob would fall to the hottem of the canyon. 鬆開繩子
to let go of放下過去某件不愉快的事
Bryan could never let go of the feeling that his colleagues disapproved of his methods of dealing with clients.
to let go of解雇
When the company starting losing money, it let go of 300 employees.
game-changing 很大程度改變比賽結果的
The Fields Company needs a game-changing plan if it is to stay in business.
game-changer 很大程度改變比賽結果的人或事
The invention of the computer was a game-changer for mankind.
電腦的發明是革命性改變
Adding this one food to your diet will be a game-changer in your desire to lose weight.
partial vacuum 真空
open-source
patent 專利
Head on over to Carla's office and tell her I sent you.
She'll bring you up to speed on the project.
"Head on over" means to go.
Go over to Carla's office and tell her I sent you.
She will bring you up to speed on the project.
Right. It's just that I...
Oh! And "to bring someone up to speed" just means to give someone the most recent information about something.
Oh, yes... I understand that.
O The project already started, so Carla will tell me all about the project, how far along it is and how I can help with it.
Exactly.
She will bring you up to speed.
Oh. And, Maggie, don't feel embarrassed if you didn't understand it.
Idioms difficult.
But I am a very patient boss.
I'm happy to explain if you don't understand.
Yes. Thank you.
But where is Carla's office?
Oh, down the hall and to the right.
Great! And thanks!
What's the most interesting form of transportation
that you've ever taken?
tandem bicycle 雙人協力車
hot air ballon
