胰島素INSULIN
翻轉「糖尿病」的醫學奇蹟An EveryDay Medical Marvel
數千年來，罹患「糖病」的人註定都只能消瘦衰弱而死。
而今，我們稱這種疾病為「糖尿病」，全世界每十人幾乎就有一人受其影響。
糖尿病是一種身體不再能自行妥善處理糖分的疾病。
「葡萄糖」就是食物一經消化會種放出的一種糖分。
葡萄糖經由消化系統進入血液，被身體細胞吸收後作為能量使用。
對於糖尿病患而言，葡萄糖會留在血液裡無法獲得使用。
累積在血液的糖分繼而對身體造成毒害，從而導致病患昏迷，最終造成死亡。
多年前，糖尿病的唯一療法就是「挨餓法」；有些病患一天僅能攝取四百大卡的熱量。
許多病患都只撐了短短數年的時間，深受體重嚴重減輕以及致命副作用之苦。
現在，糖尿病已遠不如以往那麼致命，主要原因就是出現「胰島素」這種控制葡萄糖的關鍵藥物。
胰島素雖然不能治癒糖尿病，但其容易取得並且有效助糖尿病患控制血糖的優點，意味著患者將得以活得長久又健康。
For thousands of years, people who developed a "sugar sickness" were doomed to waste away. Today, we know this disease as diabetes, which affects almost one in 10 people worldwide.
Diabetes describes a condition when the body can no longer properly process sugars on its own. Glucose, a type of sugar, is released from food as it is digested. That sugar passes from the digestive system into the blood to be used by the body's cells as energy. For people suffering from diabetes, glucose stays in the blood and can't be used. The buildup of sugar in the blood becomes toxic to the body, causing a coma 昏迷, and eventually, death.
Years ago, the only treatment available to diabetics was a starvation diet. Some atients were allowed no more than 400 calories a day. Many patients only survived a few years, suffering severe weight loss and deadly side effects.
Today diabetes isn't nearly as fatal as it used to be because of insulin, a key drug for ma
naging glucose. While not a cure for diabetes, the ready availability of insulin to help diabetics manage their blood sugar means that they can live long, healthy lives.
doom （v.）使注定；使必然發生；使失敗；使毀滅【通常用於被動式】
Everyone on our team except the leader felt that his proposal was doomed from the beginning, and we were right.
COVID has doomed weddings and other types of gatherings for more than a year.
doom （n.）厄運
Paul is always full of gloom and doom, so stay away from him if you want to be happy. 憂鬱重重
to waste away （ph.v）逐漸消瘦；日漸衰弱
Josie is wasting away to nothing because she just eats a little junk food now and then. 日漸衰敗
The factory is just wasting away when it could be put to good use.
Bob and Cora just waste away their weekends by watching TV all the time. 白白虛耗周末
an everyday ＋（n.）
one in a million
glucose 葡萄糖
digestive system
paque buildup
theres’s a substance that’s kind of sticky, and it sticks to your teeth. And there has gotten to be more and more of it over time.
coma（n.）/ comatose （adj.）不省人事的，昏迷的
hard to digest/ swallow 難以置信
The news that my neighbor won the lottery is hard to digest.
starvation （v.）飢餓；凍死
Many children died of starvation in that region because of the long period of drought. 禁食活動
Lucy went on a starvation diet and lost five kilograms in two weeks.
starve （n.）
Many refugees are starving to death because of their poor living situations.
因為居住環境惡劣而餓死
deadly （adj.）致命的
When we arrived at the water hole, we saw many sick animals because they had drunk the deadly water.
COVID has proven to be a very deadly virus, so people should get vaccinated as soon as they can.
deadly （adj.）非常的；無聊的
The party was deadly dull, so we left after a half hour.
to give the ＋（pserson）＋the silent treatment
沉默對待是拒絕與願意交流的人進行口頭和電子交流。可能從生悶氣到惡意的濫用控制行為。它可能是一種消極的情感虐待形式，在這種形式中，通過非語言手勢表現出不滿，不贊成和蔑視，同時保持語言沉默。臨床心理學家哈里特·布雷克（Harriet Braiker）將其確定為一種操縱性懲罰形式。它可能被用作社會排斥的一種形式。
as you can see, the silent treatment is when somebody purposefully dosen’t talk to you because they’re mad at you or they want to teach you a lesson.
to make oneself available
an allowance津貼，補貼；零用錢；折扣〔C〕
tuna salad 鮪魚【金植魚】沙拉
avocado toast酪梨吐司
用酪梨泥、鹽、胡椒和柑橘汁做成的開放三明治或吐司。 可以添加橄欖油、鷹嘴豆泥、紅辣椒碎、羊起司、dukkah香料、番茄和其它各種配料。 雖然酪梨吐司在90年代就出現在咖啡館的菜單上了，但2010年左右才成為流行的食物。由於這道菜餚蔚為風潮，在咖啡館裡點酪梨吐司吃，在某些評論者眼裡是揮霍浪費的象徵。
pesto chicken salad 青醬雞肉沙拉
