咕咕愛囉唆

動物試驗正當與否Is Animal Testing Defensible？

一個爭議話題 兩造對立觀點 正方論述

Consider two opposing views on a controversial topic

人類和動物間的重要差異意味著，如果進行得當，動物試驗是合乎道德的舉措。

事實上，進行動物試驗的好處極大，若不這麼做反而是錯誤的決定。

動物跟人類不一樣；除了可能一些較高等的哺乳類動物之外，動物並沒有自我意識，牠們不像人類一樣有意識或有感覺。

這就是為什麼獅子獵食斑馬、螳螂殺死配偶或科學家用老鼠試驗藥物等，都是可以接受的。

無論如何，任何不必要的受苦都應該避免。

這便是為什麼諸如《動物福利法》這類的法令，會嚴格管理每年在美國進行的二千六百萬隻動物之試驗方式。

過去一百年裡，幾乎每一項醫學突破都有動物試驗牽涉其中。

沒有任何方式能取代活體試驗對象的研究價值。

因為研發需要動物試驗，就阻撓數十億人獲得可能救命的藥物又是否合乎道德呢？

科學事實讓我們不致於純粹基於感情用事，認為動物行為表現都跟人一樣而做出錯誤決定；不過，嚴格監管動物試驗的好處仍是不容置疑的。

未來世代將會感謝今日動物試驗所帶來的好處。

Yes

Important differences between humans and animals means animal testing is ethical if done properly. In fact, the benefits of conducting animal testing are so great that it would be wrong not to do it. Animals aren't like people. With the possible exception of some higher mammals, animals aren't self-aware, don't possess consciousness or experience feelings like people do. That's why it's acceptable when lions eat zebras, mantises kill their mates or when scientists use mice to test medicines.

Regardless, any unnecessary suffering should be avoided. That's why laws like the Animal Welfare Act strictly governthe treatment of the 26 million animals used in testing every year in the U.S.

Nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has involved animal testing. Nothing can replace the research value of using a living test subject. Would it be ethical to withhold potentially life-saving medicine from billions of people because developing it would require animal testing?

Scientific facts save us from making poor decisions based on the strictly sentimental beliefs that animals behave like humans. The benefits of strictly regulated animal testing, however, are indisputable. Future generations will be thankful for the advantages they'll enjoy as a result of animal testing today.

controversial具有爭議性的

The founder of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, is a highly controversial figure.

The controversial issue of taxes will be discussed by the government next month.具有爭議性的稅務問題

When you go to parties, it is advisable to avoid controversial topics such as and religion.

ethical合乎道德的

No matter what country people live in, they expect their president to have high ethical standards.高度道德標準

ethical職業道德

Jackson knows it is not ethical to share his prescribed pain medicine with Barney but has done it anyway.止痛藥處方

Many philosophers write about the lack of ethical behavior in the world.

很多哲學家都談到世界欠缺倫理道德的行為。

defensive vs. indefensible

it is able to be thought of as goord or acceptable, and then it can be defended or protected.

Slavery is indefensible. 奴隸制

Racism is indefensible.

If something is defensible, it would have opposing views.

And when you have opposing views, you have different sides.

How else are humans different from animals?

self-aware

mirror test/ self-recognition test

hard evidence鐵證（= hard facts）

hard evidence is tangible proof that what you believe is true.

There was no hard evidence to prove he was stealing.

on crime shows, fingerprints at the crime scene can be taken to a lab, and tests are done to provide hard evidence.

The hard evidence helps convict a suspected criminal.

Several people suspected the accountant was stealing money from the company, but there was no hard evidence.

hard facts.

Next time you watch a thriller or crime show, make sure to look for the hard evidence before deciding who committed the crime.

breakthrough突破

The researchers feel they've made a breakthrough in diabetes treatment.

The world needs a breakthrough in the search for energy sources other than fossil fuels.

The peace treaty that was signed by the two countries is a historic breakthrough in their tense relationship. 歷史性突破

withhold扣留；不給….

People typically withhold payment for work done until they are satisfied with the job.

The government withholds money from everyone's paycheck for income tax. 從薪資中扣錢來支付所得稅

Doctors should not withhold medical information from their patients. 隱瞞醫療資訊

rhetorical question反問

the answer you should just kind of know

strictly

if you follow something strictly, that means that you follow the rules.

sentimental

guinea pig天竺鼠（用法：白老鼠）

mantis螳螂