咕咕愛囉唆

動物試驗正當與否Is Animal Testing Defensible？Consider two opposing views on a controversial topic

反方論述「合乎道之動物試驗」從字面上看來便自相矛盾。

即使不矛盾，這個由監管不力的行業所導致之非必要苦難仍是令人難以接受。

人類是動物界的一員。

非人類動物同樣能像人類一樣感受到喜悅、悲傷、恐懼等情緒。

自以為人類比其他動物更重要，就是物種歧視，而且也不能援引為虐待或剝削動物的藉口。

單單在美國，每年化學、藥物、食品和化妝品等相關試驗就殺死超過一億隻動物！

旨在保護動物的《動物福利法》並不適用於約占研究動物百分之九十五的大鼠、小鼠、魚類和烏類；這也讓人們得以肆無忌憚折磨數以百萬計的動物。

動物試驗的好處經常被誇大。

其實經過更為詳盡的審視之後，鮮少有確切證據與其事先所假設的優點有所關聯。

即使有極少數的關聯性，所得的知識根本可以在不使用動物試驗的情況下獲得。

科學家還有其他途徑能夠取得必要數據，其中兩種即是實驗室培養組織以及電腦模擬運算。

當未來世代回頭看到現今人們以殘暴野蠻且不必要的方式對待研究動物一而且效益卻如此稀少時一他們將會震驚不已。

A lot of times when you see I-S-M at the end of a word, it implies there’s a belief system, maybe a philosophical, belief system behind that.

No

"Ethical animal experimentation" is a contradiction in terms. And even if it weren't, the unnecessary suffering caused by this poorly regulated industry would

still be unacceptable. Humans are members of the animal kingdom. Non-human animals also feel emotions such as joy, sadness and fear, just like humans do. Behaving as if people are more important than other animals is speciesism and no excuse for cruelty or exploitation. In the U.S. alone, chemical, drug, food and cosmetics experiments kill over 100 million animals every year!

contradiction矛盾；牴觸

To me a veggie burger seems to be a contradiction in term.

蔬菜漢堡這個詞似乎自相矛盾

I have found a contradiction in what you wrote on your application and what you are telling me now.你的申請書內容和你說的相抵觸。

What his troops did was in direct contradiction to the general’s orders.違背將軍的命令

cosmetic化妝品

My wife always buys her cosmetics when the department store has a sale.在百貨公司打折時買化妝品。

cosmetic（adj.）裝飾性的；整容的

My car just need some cosmetic work after someone hit me.車子被撞後外觀需要美容一下

Claire traveled to South Korea to have cosmetic surgery.

speciesism [ˋspiʃizɪzm] 物種歧視；人類對其他物種的虐待與剝削

This is the assumption that humans really are superior to animals.

And with the idea... this idea leads to the exploitation of animals.

That means maybe treating animals in a cruel way or something.

This idea of speciesism also carries with it the idea that humans therefore have more rights than animals do.

Now we use these words for emphasizing that something should not happen.

no excuse for （n.）

Reason could often have a good connotation.含蓄；言外之意；【邏】內涵

Sometimes we often use the word "excuse" to talk about it in kind of a negative way.

What's your excuse for doing that bad thing?

His mistake is no excuse for me being unkind. I should still be kind to someone even though they did something I really don't like.

exploitation

treating someone unfairly.

animal exploitation.

exploitation （n.）[U]開發；開採；利用

a person of principle

man of principle/ woman of principle

Nelson Mandela was a person of principle

Let's talk about the term "person of principle."

A person of principle is someone who faithfully follows his or her beliefs or values rather than abandoning them when it's convenient.

In Mandela's example, he was imprisoned for 27 years because he refused to give up his goal of a South Africa where people of all colors were equal.

We can also say man of principle or woman of principle.

But the term "person of principle" covers both men and women, so it's used more often.

principle

A principle is a moral rule or standard of behavior that guides your actions.

A principle I teach my kids is love your neighbor as yourself; treat others like you want to be treated.

This principle is something we have to keep working on as human nature is selfish by nature.

torture （n.）折磨；拷打

Those captured by enemy endured a lot of torture.被的軍俘虜的人都受到很多虐待

It was torture for Aurora to wait for Justin to ask her out on a date.

torture （v.）

It is illegal by international law for countries to torture people they captured during wartime.戰爭時期嚴刑拷打俘虜是違反國際法的

look back回顧

at dinner with someone childhood friends, we began to look back on all the fun we had had in elementary school.

Many couples look back on their first few years of marriage and wonder how they survived with very little money. 很多夫妻回顧婚後頭幾年的日子時，都覺得當初沒錢事怎麼熬過來的

Never look back從此一路順遂；一帆風順

When Patrick Williams was drafted by the Bulls, he never looked back!

to account for +（n.）

1.you look at the total of something

maybe you are forming the part of the total.

Students account for the majority of our viewers here at Studio Classroom.

2.explain the reason for something

Scientists could not account for the monkey’s sudden violent behavior.

They’re not sure why the monkey started acting violently so suddenly.

upon（close）inspection

After they’ve taken a closer look at these benefits that animal testing is giving us, they realize: oh, well, there’s not much evidence that this has actually been beneficial at all.

Upon closer inspection, the jeweler noticed that the diamond in the ring was not real.

avenue= way/ method途徑，方法

They explored every avenue but could not find a solution. 他們尋求各種途徑，但仍找不到解決辦法。

Lab-grown tissue

tissue（動植物的）組織[C][U]

A tissue is a group of similar cells which have an identical general function. 組織是一組具有相同的一般機能的類似細胞。

Computer modeling

barbaric （adj.）半開化的；半開化部落民的；野蠻的；粗野的；不知節制的

Barbaric customs still prevail in the mountainous area. 野蠻的習俗仍流行於這一山區。

listen respectfully, without interrupting

seek to understand the situation more thoroughly.

As you seek to understand, you can also learn new things, and you can put that into your own perspective.