德式影響力GERMAN INFLUENCES
How Germany has changed other cultures around the world
此外，源自於德文的angst個字，意為焦慮。
直譯為兒童花園的kindergarten一字，同樣也自於德文。
Uber也是德文字，意思是超越。
另外一個源自德文的有單字是flak；德文意指「高射砲」。
不過flak在英文雖然也有高射炮的含意，卻更常用來表示「嚴厲批評」。
德國文化 眾所周知，德國人非在意眾人是否遵守規則；這一點映出德國人的信念，就是每一個人都應該為社會滿盡最大的努力，而規則能夠維持社會穩定。
許多德國人都看重家庭關係、環境關懷、在學在職竭盡所能。
但竭盡所能並非意味著工作不停歇。
德國每週平均工時為三十五到四十小時，是歐洲最少工時的國家之一，不過生產力卻非常高。·
這也意味著德國人工作時就努力工作，但同樣會把時間用在生活其他方面。
也許正是這種態度完美解釋了德國產品從汽車到桌遊都呈現出的超高品質
。
sauerkraut德國酸泡菜
Additionally, German gives us the word "angst," which means anxiety "Kindergarten" (which, directly translated, means a garden for children) also comes from German. "Uber," too, is a German word, meaning above and beyond.
Another interesting word that comes from German is "flak." In German this refers to an anti-aircraft gun. And while it can have that meaning in English, it's more often used to refer to harsh criticism.
German culture
Germans are known to care about whether or not people abide by the rules. This reflects their belief that individuals should do what's best for society and that rules make society stable.
Many Germans value family, caring about the environment and doing their best at school and work. But doing their best doesn't mean they never cease
working. Germany's average workweek is 35 to 40 hours, one of the lowest in Europe, but productivity is high. What this means is that the Germans work hard while at work. But they also take time for other facets of life. It is this attitude that perhaps accounts for the high quality of German products from automobiles to board games.
refer參考；查詢
On your way to the cabin, refer to the map I sent you those country roads.
refer提到；談到
Marilyn referred to an incident at an outdoor wedding she had attended when explaining why she was getting married indoors.
harsh嚴厲的
The film critic wave the movie a very harsh review.嚴厲的批評
The teacher gave me a harsh look when I was talking to Joe during class.狠狠的看一眼
Harsh天氣的嚴酷或惡劣
Northern Russia is said to have very harsh winters, so few people live there.
angsty
In Germany, angst actually means to be afraid.
Are you angst= Are you scasred?
denotation vs. connotation以下為自行蒐尋的補充說明
denotation 是該字或句子相對「表面」的意思 (literal meanings)
connotation 是該字或句子「隱含」的意思 (suggestive meanings)
從 "home" 一字我們可以來看其差別：
The word home "denotes" the place one lives with his/her family, but it connotes comforts, intimacy, and privacy.
有人可能問，為什麼這兩個字在學術界裡那麼重要？
原因主要因為，在很多領域的研究中，對研究主題中不斷提及的概念去闡述其
「定義」(conceptualization) 和交代定義的使用 (operationalization)
對於要讓研究有validity & reliability 是很重要的一個要件。
而一個概念 (construct)，經常會需要去闡述其 literal meaning (s)
和 suggestive meaning (s)，這時就是用這個兩字的好時機。
Source: www.facebook.com/alexanderwangenglish
possibility vs. probability
problem vs. question
「可能性」， possibility vs. probability
若查英漢字典，多半會看到 possibility, probability 都被解釋為「可能性」， 也就是「某事情發生的『可能性』」，但它們的語意／語氣／內涵意義有微妙的 差異。
possibility 偏向於宏觀、抽象的遠景、潛能，例如「未來的無限可能性。」
probability 偏向機率，例如「電腦分析， 78% 是Ａ， 20% 是４ …… 開個６ 給他，讓他贏莊家一百塊。」
「問題」， problem vs. question
problem, question 在中文裡也都翻作「問題」，但前者偏向於強調困難性、 複雜性、嚴重性；後者偏向問答、疑問、質疑。
有什麼問題(problem)？
若搞不清楚字詞的內涵意義與字面意義，就會造成誤會。
有些誤會事不關己，可以一笑置之（例如，在網路上常可以看到用機器翻譯造成的 笑話），有些誤會則會讓人質疑你的專業能力、傷害人際關係，例如，誤用 childish, childlike ；或誤用 problem, question:
What is your question? → 你有問題（疑問）嗎？
What is your problem? → 你（腦子）有問題嗎？
另一個例子是 terrific, terrible; 這兩個字的拼法很接近，都是從拉丁文的 terrere 演化而來，但在今日，這兩個字的意義大不相同：
terrific 是指了不起、非常好（但在古語中是指「造成恐懼的」）
terrible 是指可怕的、壞透了
尤其是在正式文件寫作（求職信、入學申請、履歷表，等等）時，影響更大。Cease停止
play by the rule 按照規定做事；有原則的人
Mr. Green does not like to play by the rules.
cease停止
This past year many factories ceased production and closed their doors to protect their employees.
When giving a presentation, it is important to make your points short and understandable or your audience will cease listening.
Even though it may be hidden behind clouds, the sun never ceases to rise every morning.太陽會躲在雲層後面，但最後總會升起
facet面向；方面
Destruction of towns and villages is just one facet of war
城市或鄉鎮遭到破話是戰爭帶來的一種後果
There are many facets to a proper research paper, including a literature review. 一份完整的研究報告包含很多層面，文獻探討就是其中一項
A princess-cut diamond usually has 57 facets.公主方形切紋的鑽石，童常有57個切面
work hard, play hard.
to have vs. make time for ＋（n.）
I don’t have time for ＋（n.）
Oktoberfest慕尼黑啤酒節
tight deadline期限緊迫
make-up day補班日
long weekend長周末
Bavarian hospitality
mean, people were just really friendly nd. available and willing to help us, um, any way they can or any way they could.
automatic vs. stick shift cars
Something that stood out to me that I noticed: we... rented a car, and I didn't realize until we got to the car rental and actually until I opened the car door and sat down that it was not an automatic, but it was... a stick shift.
Anti-aircraft fun
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