There's a "Hole" History Behind Bagels and Doughnuts
Americans love their bread.
Around the US, you can find lots of different types, from Mexican tortillas墨西哥玉米薄餅to German sour breads德國酸麵包.
Two national favorites are bagels and doughnuts.
These look very similar, but they rose to popularity in very different ways截然不同
Bagels are a staple主食 New York City.
Cooks boil a special dough and then bake it to make these ring-shaped breads.
They are golden brown and have a savory taste.
Some people think that bagels were first baked in Poland波蘭 in the Middle Ages中世紀.
For many years, Jewish people猶太人 there were not allowed to make bread.
This was because it was holy神聖 to Christians基督徒.
In 1264, a Polish king made it legal for Jewish people to touch bread.
However, they couldn't legally bake unless they boiled the dough first.
This strange law led to the interesting process of making bagels — or at least that's one story!
字彙
popularity（n.）流行;普及
rise to popularity 變得流行
staple （n.）主食；主要產品；主要商品；日常必需品
dough（n.）生麵團
savory（adj.）鹹味的
green tea 綠茶
hand shake drink, hand-shaked beverage手搖飲料
I rarely buy hand shake beverage, I drink water.
我很少買手搖飲料，我都喝水。
Some breakfast shops have also introduced hand shake beverages to replace traditional soy milk and coffee.
部份早餐店也引進手搖飲料取代傳統的豆漿、咖啡。
Some hand shake beverage shops use cheap materials to make beverages.
有些手搖飲料店使用了廉價的材料製作飲料。
Polish [ˋpolɪʃ]
（adj.）波蘭的；波蘭人的；波蘭語的
（n.）波蘭語
polish [ˋpɑlɪʃ] （vt.）磨光，擦亮（+up）；使優美，使精鍊；潤飾（+up）
savory（savoury）
salty or spicy and not sweet in taste.
a savoury dish/sauce/flavour
（adj.）美味可口的；芳香開胃的；鹹的；香辣的
（n.）【英】（餐前的）開胃菜，（餐後的）助消化菜[C]；香薄荷
salty
spicy（adj.）加有香料的；香的；出產香料的；多香料的
illegal
not allowed by law
It is illegal to drive a car that is not registered and insured.
駕駛未註冊、未上保險的汽車是違法的。
legal
bake烘，烤
to cook inside an oven, without using added liquid or fat
We bake bread and cake in an oven. 我們用烤箱烘麵包與糕點。
golden
the colour of gold；made of gold
golden honey
holy虔誠的；聖潔的
very religious or pure
Saturday is a holy day to Christians.
process
a series of actions that you take in order to achieve a result
follow the process
Going to court to obtain compensation is a long process.
起訴要求賠償是一個漫長的過程。
There's a "Hole" History Behind Bagels and Doughnuts
Doughnuts might look like bagels, but they are different in many ways.
These sweet treats are made by making sugary dough and then frying them in lots of oil.
One thing that doughnuts and bagels share is an uncertain past.
It's difficult to say how doughnuts came into being.
Some people believe that the first doughnuts were olykoeks, a fried Dutch dish.
However, foods that are similar to doughnuts have been found in ancient Native American graves.
One legend takes place in the 19th century and is about a woman who was named Elizabeth Gregory.
Elizabeth's son was a young sea captain who traded spices.
She used his spices to make a special fried bread.
Before she put it in the oil, Elizabeth put nuts in the middle of the dough.
She called this a "dough-nut."
As the story goes, Captain Gregory loved his mother's sweets so much that he took them everywhere.
Soon, the doughnut was an American favorite.
Isn't that sweet?
字彙小補帖
sugary（adj.）含糖的;甜的
contain a lot of sugar
sugary drinks
fry（v.）
to cook food in hot oil or fat
fry chicken
batter （n.）（用雞蛋，牛奶，麵粉等調成的）糊狀物；麵糊
pancake batter 烤薄餅用的麵糊
fish in batter 蘸了麵糊的魚
grave[grev] （n.）墳墓;墓穴
legend （n.）傳說
doughnuts在19世紀中葉甜甜圈被稱為荷蘭olykoeks（油蛋糕）
ancient
very old；of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time
captain
the person in charge of a ship or an aircraft；the leader of a sports team
nut（s）堅果
the dry fruit of particular trees that grows in a hard shell and can often be eaten
字首dis-
1. not, opposite 相反的，反對的
dislike (v.) (n.) 不喜歡
disable (v.) 使…失去作用
disabled (adj.) 殘廢的，有缺陷的
disappear (v.) 消失
disapprove (v.) 反對
disappoint (v.) 對某人或事物失望
discover (v.) 發現
＊比較＊ discover vs. look vs. find
discover 是用來描述意外發現某事物，或是努力追尋真相後所得出的真理，例如哥倫布在西元 1492 年發現了新大陸，就會用 discover 來描述。
find out 是用來描述經過抽絲剝繭，才弄清楚事情來龍去脈的過程，例如義大利學者亞美利哥經過長時間的考察後，才弄清楚原來哥倫布發現的不是亞洲，而是美洲大陸。
look for 則是很單純地指搜尋某件事物，例如當時哥倫布奉西班牙王室之命，在新大陸搜尋黃金，就會用 look for 來形容。
Christopher Columbus, a renowned explorer, discovered the New World in 1492.
克里斯多夫哥倫布是位著名的探險家，他於西元 1492 年發現新大陸。
It took Amerigo four voyages to find out that the New World was not East Asia.
亞美利哥花了四次航行才終於搞清楚原來新大陸不是東亞。
Actually, the sole purpose of Columbus’ expedition was to look for gold and treasure for the Spain Royalties.
事實上，哥倫布探險的唯一目的是為西班牙王室找尋黃金與寶藏。
disrespect (v.) 對…不敬
disclose (v.) 揭發。“dis”是“not”的意思，再加上 close，使某事不要關閉，就是指揭發啦！
disagree (v.) 不同意
dispute (v.) 爭吵。“dis” 是“opposite”，代表「相反」的意思，而“pute”則是指“think”，代表「想法」的意思。兩人持相反的想法，自然就容易爭吵囉！
＊比較＊ disagree vs. dispute vs. feud
disagree 是單純指兩方對某事有不同意見，是對事不對人的。例如茱麗葉的父親不同意茱麗葉嫁給羅密歐，便可以用 disagree 描述。
dispute 當動詞時可以指兩方相互爭吵，試圖將自己的立場合理化，已經有漸趨情緒化的趨勢。例如茱麗葉跟父親吵架，想要父親回心轉意，支持自己嫁給羅密歐。
dispute 當名詞時則是指「爭議、爭論」，表示各界都對某事有不同意見，認為此事是有待商榷的。例如羅密歐殉情的舉動到底是莽撞還是純情，各界持不同的看法，則可用 dispute 來描述，而不只是 disagree 而已。
feud 通常是指兩個家族之間的長期不和與仇恨。像是羅密歐所屬的蒙特鳩家族和茱麗葉所屬的凱普萊家族長期仇恨彼此，只要一見面就會大打出手，因此不會用 dispute，而是用 feud 來描述。
Juliet’s father strongly disagreed with Juliet’s decision of marrying Romeo.
茱麗葉的父親強烈反對茱麗葉嫁給羅密歐。
Juliet disputed that love is more important than family hatred.
茱麗葉爭論愛情比家族仇恨更為重要。
Romantic or reckless? Romeo’s suicide is still in dispute.
羅密歐的自殺到底是浪漫還是莽撞呢？各界持不同看法。
There’s a long-lasting feud between the House of Montague and the House of Capulet.
蒙特鳩家族與凱普萊家族長期互相仇恨。
實用的單字好多，但隨身攜帶厚重的單字本好麻煩！趕快加入線上英語學習課程 VoiceTube HERO，擁有線上單字本功能，隨時隨地都能記錄實用單字，查找好方便！
▼VoiceTube HERO 的實用單字本，讓你不再漏記任何一個單字！▼
HERO_review
2. separate, away 分離，離開
differ (v.) 使不同
disconnect (v.) 斷線，斷開連結
discourage (v.) 勸退。dis 是 “away” 的意思，而 courage 是指「勇氣」，因此 discourage 就是把某人對某事的勇氣拿走，也就是「勸退」啦！discourage 還可以指「使沮喪、使挫折」的意思，另外也可以跟 encourage 比較，「鼓勵」的相反詞就是「勸退」，「使沮喪、使挫折」囉！
My teacher discouraged me from being a teacher. He said it’s for my own good.
我的老師勸我不要當一個老師。他說這是為了我好。
You shouldn’t let failure discourage you.
你不應該讓失敗打擊你的信心。
This failure is so discouraging!
這次的失敗真的很令人挫折！
distract (v.) 使分心
district (n.) 街區
distinct (adj.) 不同的，有分別的。介係詞記得要用 from。
Democracy is distinct from Populism.
民主與民粹是有分別的。
distinguish (v.) 當介係詞用 from 時，代表「使獨特，使有分別」。當介係詞用 between 時，代表「分出兩者的差別」。
You have to distinguish yourself from others in order to get the job.
你必須凸顯自己與他人的不同，才能獲得工作機會。
The lame judge can’t distinguish between right and wrong.
這個無能法官無法分別出正確與錯誤。
disband (v.) 解散。這個字很好背喔！dis 代表「分離」，而 band 代表「團體」，因此 disband 就是代表「解散」的意思囉！
discretion (n.) 這個字有二種意思。一是指「選擇或決定自己想要的事物」。二則是「謹慎」的意思。
Our boss left the work shifts to our discretion.
老闆讓我們自行決定排班時間。
Viewer’s discretion is advised.
請觀眾自行斟酌是否要觀看以下內容。
Discretion is the better part of valor.
謹慎即是勇敢。(意思是不要逞匹夫之勇)
disperse (v.) 驅離，例如驅離暴民。也可以指分配、分散的意思。
disburse (v.) 支付，支出
discard (v.) 丟棄。這個字也很好背，dis 代表「離開」，card 代表「牌」，而玩撲克牌時，你會想把手上的爛牌丟掉，因此 discard 就是「丟棄」的意思啦！同時也可以當作「棄牌」的意思喔！
distribute (v.) 分配，分派
留言列表
