咕咕愛囉唆

亞馬遜雨林浩劫The Illegal Exploitation of the Amazon Rainforest.

齊向非法濫墾宣戰 才能有望拯救雨林

非法伐木者炸毀一輛卡車，阻擋車子送油料給運載警察穿梭在巴西雨林周遭的直升機。

巴西環境保護局IBAMA則以派遣一百五十名重裝警察及士兵襲非法伐木活動作為回應。

論到保護亞馬遜雨林免於有害的非法開發一事，說它是一戰役既是比喻，也是字面上的真實涵義。

過去幾十年來，IBAMA一直忙得不可開交。

他們成功揪出在當地非法伐木和挖掘金礦的人，也揭露意圖竊占林地並砍光樹木以便牧牛的詐騙伎倆；他們還破非法交易瀕危野生動物的集團。

但是，根據衛星數據顯示，雨林遭受破壞的速度每年卻仍在急遽增加。

換句話說，IBAMA即將輸掉這場拯救雨林的戰役。

在一場複雜的貓捉老鼠遊戲中，「老鼠」是組織嚴謹、習於避開IBAMA法規的犯罪分子。

他們將大型器械塗上漆進行偽裝，躲過警方直昇機的巡視。

他們賄賂政府官員，製造假文件將非法砍伐的林木合法化或乾脆賦予自己公有林地的所有權。

此外，他們也使用威脅手段和暴力行為。

politic（s）

politics conversation

environmental issue

illegal activity, bribes賄賂 and raids突襲、侵襲、掠取

battle

helicopter

campaign（n.）（尤指政治、商業或軍事的）專門活動，運動

a planned group of especially political, business, or military activities that are intended to achieve a particular aim

The protests were part of their campaign against the proposed building development in the area.

他們反對在該地區進行地產開發，抗議其反對運動的一部分。

a controversial new advertising campaign

備受爭議的一則新廣告的宣傳活動

a long-standing and bloody campaign of violence曠日持久的血腥暴力運動

戰役，作戰a group of connected actions or movements that forms part of a war

a bombing campaign轟炸行動

campaign（v.）從事活動；開展運動；發起運動

to organize a series of activities to try to achieve something

They've been campaigning for years to get him out of prison.

多年來為了讓他出獄他們一直在積極活動。

He's spending a lot of his time at the moment campaigning for/on behalf of the Conservative Party.

他目前將大量時間用於為／代表保守黨奔走遊說。

They're busy campaigning against the building of a new motorway near here.

他們正積極發起行動，反對在附近新建高速公路。

illegal logging

for the past few decades, ….

flushed（v.）

1.湧；湧流

The blood flushed into her face. 血湧上她的面部。

2.（臉）發紅；臉紅[（+with）]

His cheeks flushed for a moment with pleasure. 他的雙頰因一陣興奮而漲紅了。

3.突然發紅，發亮

4.被沖洗

5.（植物）綻出新芽

Indigenous territories

indigenous當地的；本土的，土生土長的

naturally existing in a place or country rather than arriving from another place

Are there any species of frog indigenous to the area?

這個地區是否有本地品種的青蛙？

So who are the indigenous people of this land?

那麼誰是這塊土地的原住民？

territory領土，版圖；領地；地區；（按某種目的劃定的）區域（尤指商業推銷區）

fraud（n.）詐騙；詭計

fraud strategy

Many fraud alert services詐騙警示服務 are available to help protect（原型） people's identity個資.

fraud（n.）行騙的人

If you listen to Eleanor's stories, you can tell she is a fraud.

Arthur was found guilty of tax fraud 稅務詐欺and sentenced to判刑 five years in jail.

graze（v.）餵（牛，羊等）吃草；放牧

In spring the sheep are taken to a grassy mountainous area to graze for the summer.

graze cattle

graze（v.）（n.）擦傷

Lillian grazed her knees and elbows when she fell off her bike.

The graze on Eva's forehead looks pretty nasty.

to have a graze on one's knee 擦傷膝蓋

exploitation/ to exploit

When some place or an organization or people are "'exploited," that means other people are taking advantage of them.

exploitation（n.）[͵ɛksplɔɪˋteʃən]開發；開採；利用

exploit（v.）剝削；利用；利用……而自肥

過去式：exploited 過去分詞：exploited 現在分詞：exploiting

We are exploiting the Amazon rainforest.

start off with a bang

normally use to talk about beginning an event in a positive but exciting way.

However, our lesson really did start off with a literal bang.

If something is blowing up, then there's probably an explosion or a bang involved.

heavily armed= police have a lot of guns, a lot of weapons they’re taking with them.

when it comes to+ ＋（n.）

When it comes to traveling or booking the cheapest hotels, that friend is the one that you go to.

figurative and literal

figurative / metaphorical vs. literal

But we're not just talking about a battle, maybe an argument between people.

We're talking about real combat where people's lives are at stake. 在勝敗關頭, 冒風險

literal （意義）字面的，根本的

The literal meaning of a word is its original, basic meaning.

The literal meaning of "television" is "seeing from a distance".

television 的字面意思是「從遠處看」。

to have one’s hands full忙得不可開交

really busy with

to get out of hand無法掌控

become difficult to control

For example, the class got out of hand, so the teacher asked for help.

The party got out of hand, so the neighbors called the police.

to give someone a hand向某人提供協助

help them with something

Can you give me a hand? I need to move five boxes across the street.

bribe（v.）賄賂

Some Hollywood stars were fined and sentenced to time in jail for bribing top universities to accept their children as students.

Caroline uses candy to bribe her children to do their homework.

bribe（n.）賄賂

During big sports events, officials often say they have been offered bribes to help certain teams win.

illegally（adv.）違法地

The illegally mined diamonds sold for a very high price in the diamond market.

The spies entered the building illegally to try and steal plans for the company's expansion.

illegal（adj.）違法的

I don't know what kind of trade Preston is involved in, but I know it is illegal.

break up

That means to either stop the operation or to split up the people involved so that they go their separate ways and can no longer work together.

I remember when I was growing up, sometimes my parents would have to break

up fights between me and my brother, not physical fights, but verbal fights.

Sometimes we call those arguments or heated arguments, right?

The point is my parents would have to step in and separate the two of us so that we would stop arguing.【break it up！】

trafficking rings

trafficking （n.）非法交易（尤指毒品買賣）

it's an illegal activity　of transporting goods or things or sometimes people illegally from one place to another.

to fight a losing battle

to try hard to do something when there is no chance that you will succeed

打一場無望取勝的仗；雖必敗無疑猶努力奮鬥

camouflage

（n.）偽裝；掩飾；偽裝物；掩飾手段；保護色

（v.）偽裝，掩蔽；掩飾

get around regulations鑽法律漏洞；四處遊逛；規避；有時間做（某事）

He always finds a way to get around the rules.鑽法律漏洞

It's wrong of you to get around the regulation.

你存心規避規章制度是不對的。

raise the bar

What actions should we take? When you raise the bar, you raise standards and expectations.

I need to raise the bar on my performance to meet the company's new expectations.

I'll raise the bar by finishing my next assignment early.